Objective Grouping According to Hindu Temple

Of the various types of temples in Bali with a sense as a shrine to worship the Hyang Widhi / gods and bhatara.

Temple can be grouped by function, namely:

• 1.      The temple serves as a shrine to worship the Hyang Widhi / god.

• 2.      Pura which serves as a shrine to worship the holy spirit bhatara ie ancestors.

In addition to the temple group that has the function as mentioned above, there may not be a term not pretend that double that in addition to worship the Hyang Widhi / gods to worship bhatara well. It was in the possible given the belief that after a purification ceremony, the ancestral spirit has reached the level of proficiency level siddha gods (has entered the realm of the gods) and called bhatara.

The temple functions can be specified further by characteristic (distinctiveness), among others, can be determined on the basis of community groups into the various types of bonds such as: social cohesion, political, economic, genealogical (birth line). Social bonds among others by bonding region of residence (territorial), bonding recognition of the services of a teacher saint (Dang Teacher) Political Association, among others, based on the interests of rulers in an effort to unite the community and territory. Economic ties among other distinguished on the basis of the benefit system livelihood such as farming, fishing, trade, fishermen and others - others. Geneologis bond is based on the birth line with further developments.

Grouping destination Pura, namely:

• 1.      To increase understanding and awareness of the people of the temple as a sacred place of Hindus.

• 2.      Avoiding the presence of misinterpretation that the presence of many Palinggih in a temple, considered polytheistic Hinduism.

Based on the above characteristics - those characteristics, then there exists several temples groups and further details are based on the character or peculiar properties are as follows:

• 1). General Pura.

This temple has a common characteristic as a place of worship Hyang Widhi with all its manifestations (gods). Pura is a relatively common worshiped by all Hindus, so often called Goda Jagat. Belonging to pretend to have traits - traits that are Besakih temple, Pura Batur, Pura Pura Caturlokapala and Sadkahyangan, Pura Jagat Natha, Pura Single heaven. Other temples are also classified as Public Temple is a temple that serves as a place of worship to worship the greatness of the services of a pastor or teacher holy Guru.Pura Dang is also revered by all Hindus, because virtually all Hindus feel indebted to his services on the basis of Master Dang Hindu doctrine called sage rna. The quasi these characters belong to the so-called Dang Goda like: Sivi Hair Temple, Temple Purancak, Pulaki Temple, Pura Batu Ponjok, Sakenan Temple and others. The quasi-related to dharmayatra performed by Dang Hyang Dang Nirartha for his role as a teacher.

In addition to the temple Pura Dang connect with Guru, belonging also to the characteristics of Dang Goda is a temple temple temple is connected with the shrine of a kingdom that once existed in Bali (Committee for Restoration of historic places and archaeological heritage, 1977.10) as Sakenan temple, Pura Taman Ayun royal temple of Mengwi that is.

There is a sign - a sign that each - each kingdom that never existed in Bali, at least pretend to have a tip types namely: Penataran located in the capital of the kingdom, which is too Pura Puncak! Rint in the hills or mountains and Pura Segara is located on the waterfront sea.

Temple - the temple of the kingdom such - apparently representing three types of shrines namely: Temple Mount, Pura Pura royal center and the sea. The division of the mandala on a mountain, land and sea in accordance with the correct division of the macrocosm be above or Uranis world, the human world is a place of life and the underworld or chithonis.

• 2). Pura Territorial

This temple has a unitary characteristic regions (territorial) as a place of worship of the members of a community or a village train bound by connective territorial integrity of a banjo or banjo tersebut.Wilayah village as a sub-group of a group of indigenous villagers there who have their own temple. Characteristic of an indigenous village in essence has three temples called Goda Three are: Pura Desa, Pura Puseh, Pura Dalem is a place of worship bersama.Dengan other words, that the heaven three elements that constitute binding unity of traditional villages concerned. Name three names heaven there are also varied in some villages in Bali, Pura village often called the Pura Bale Agung. Puseh temple called Pura Segara there also, even Puseh Pura Pura Besakih village called Banua.

Pura Dalem many kinds. However Pura Dalem is an element of Goda Three is Pura Dalem who has Setra (Graves). In addition there is also a lot of so-called Pura Dalem also but not Goda Three elements such as: Bitter Mas Pura Dalem, Pura Dalem Canggu, Pura Dalem Gagelang and so on (PanitiaPemugaran berseiarah places and relics Antiquities, 1977.12). Watukaru near the temple there is a temple called Pura Dalem is not merepunyai relationship with Pura Goda Three, but is considered to have a relationship with Pura Watukaru. There are still many who do not have the Pura Dalem connection with Goda Three such Pura Dalem Puri Besakih have a relationship with. Pura Dalem soldier have a relationship with Pura Luhur Uluwatu.

• 3). Functional Pura

This temple has a functional character where people are bound together by ties panyiwinya workmanship because it has, in the same profession bidup livelihood systems such as: farming, trade and fishing. Workmanship for farming, the processing of wet soil has a development bond ujaan called Pura Empelan are often also called Pura Subak or Pura Bedugul. In the hierarchical level of the temple we know Carik Ulun, temple Masceti, Ulun Sivi and Ulun Danu.

If farmers have committed pcmujaan wet soil seperd above, the dry land farmers also have ties cult called Pura Alas Awful, Fragrant Alas, Alas Rasmini and so forth.

Trading is one of the livelihood system causes a bond in the form of worship called Pura Pura toss. Generally Pura Melanting established in the market which is revered by the traders in the market environment.

• 4). Pura kawitan

This temple has a character that is determined by the presence or ancestral ties wit kelabiran line based (genealogical). This temple is sometimes called Padharman which is a form of development that is more comprehensive or Pura Pura Residents clan. Thus mica kawitan temple is a place of worship that has been sacred ancestral spirits of each resident or kinship group. Relative small clan is a group consisting of some of the nuclear family and the extended family who feel themselves derived from a common ancestor. This clan mcmpunyai shrine called the Temple Dadia so they called Single Dadia. The nuclear family is also called nuclear family (nuclear family) and the extended family consists of more than one nuclear family which is also called the family (extended family) A nuclear family consists of a husband, a wife and their children who are unmarried.

Place of worship is called a nuclear family or Merajan Sanggah also called Kemulan Taksu, while the broad kciuarga shrine called Sanggah Gede or pemerajan grand. Large clan is wider kin group of small clan (dadia) and consists of several groups of relatives dadia. The kin group members have ties shrine called the Temple or Pura Panti Paibon. In some areas in Bali, a place of worship like that nobody mentioned temple of Batur (Batur Klen), Penataran (Upgrading Klen) and so on. Inside there Siwagama rontal 40 mentioned that every nuclear family should make the Pura Panti, each 20 nuclear family should establish Mother Temple, all 10 nuclear family that makes pelinggih Pratiwi and each nuclear family shrines Kamulan all of which make it to the worship of ancestral spirits who have sacred . About grouping temple in Bali, the unity Seminar interpretation of aspects - aspects of Hinduism to the X on 28 May 30, 1984 to set the grouping temple in Bali as follows:

a. Based on function:

• 1.      Pura Jagat, the temple serves as a place of worship the Sang Hyang Wasa Widhi in all prabawanyaNya (manifestations), and can be used by people to carry out public worship, such as the full tilem, other Hindu holiday regardless of origin, dynasty is concerned.

• 2.      Pura kawitan, the temple as a holy place to worship the Gods Siddha Atma '(Holy Spirit Ancestors), including: corrected, merajan, (paibon, kamulan), dadia, and pedharman

b. Based on the above characterization:

• 1.      Goda Jagat Pura, Pura Sang Hyang adore Widhi place in all his Prabhawa example Pura Pura Jagat Sad Goda and others.

• 2.      Pura Desa Goda (Territorial) which temple disungsung (revered and maintained) by the Village People.

• 3.      Swagina temple (Pura Functional) which temple Penyungsungnya bound by ties Swagina (workmanship) that have the same profession in livelihoods such as Pura Subak, toss and so forth.

• 4.      Pura kawitan, namely temple penyungsungnya ditcntukan oleb bond "wit" or ancestors by lines (vertical geneologis) such as: Objection, Merajan, Mother temple, Pura Panti, Dadia temple, Pura Padharman and the like.

Grouping temple above clearly by Shraddha or Tatwa Hinduism that have capital base of the conception on God with many manifestations or Prabhawanya and unite with Brahman conception of Atman (Atman Siddha Gods) lead worship at the sacred ancestral spirits, therefore there is a temple in Bali disungsung by the whole society besides others disungsung by certain family or clan.